射击运动员目标取向与竞赛状态焦虑的关系

Relations of Goal Orientation and Competitive State Anxiety for Shooting Athletes

目的:探讨射击运动员目标取向、竞赛状态焦虑的特点及二者之间的关系。方法:采用射击运动员目标取向测验和竞赛状态焦虑问卷对国家射击队、辽宁射击队、北京市射击队36名射击运动员进行调查。结果:(1)射击运动员的任务取向显著高于自我取向。国际健将级运动员任务取向显著高于国家健将和国家一级运动员,而自我取向显著低于后两者;(2)射击运动员的状态自信心得分较高。国家一级运动员的认知状态焦虑显著高于国际健将级和国家健将级运动员;国际健将级运动员的躯体状态焦虑显著低于国家一级运动员;国际健将级运动员的状态自信心显著高于国家健将级和国家一级运动员;(3)自我取向高分组的运动员认知状态焦虑更高,状态自信心更低;任务取向高分组的运动员认知和躯体状态焦虑更低,状态自信心更高。(4)自我取向显著正向预测认知状态焦虑,解释率为31.3%;任务取向显著负向预测躯体状态焦虑,解释率为17%;自我取向显著负向预测状态自信心,解释率为27.3%,任务取向显著正向预测状态自信心,解释率为35.5%。结论:运动级别越高的运动员越倾向于任务取向,认知和躯体状态焦虑越低,状态自信心越高。

Objective： Exploring the characteristics and relations of goal orientation and competitive state anxiety for shooting athletes. Method：36 shooting athletes who were from National shooting team,Liaoning shooting team and Beijing shooting team were investigated by the questionnaires of goal orientation and competitive state anxiety. Results： （ 1 ） The score of task orientation were higher than that of self orientation obviously for shooting athletes. International master athletes＇ task orientation was significantly high than National master athletes＇ and National level athletes＇ ,but International master ath- letes＇ self orientation was significantly low; （2） The score of state self-confidence was more for shooting athletes. National level athletes＇ cognitive state anxiety was significantly high than International and National master athletes＇, International master athletes＇ somatic state anxiety was significantly low than National level athletes＇, International master athletes＇ state self-confidence was significantly high than National master athletes＇ and National level athletes＇ ; （3） Athletes＇ cognitive state anxiety was higher and state self-confidence was lower at the high group of self orientation;athletes＇ cognitive and somatic state anxiety were lower and state self-confidence was higher at the high group of task orientation. （4） Self orientation that can explained 31.3% had significant positive predictive effect on cognitive state anxiety;task orientation that can explained 17% had significant negative predictive effect on somatic state anxiety;Self orientation that can explained 27.3% had significant negative predictive effect on state self-confidence; task orientation that can explained 35.5% had significant positive predictive effect on state self-confidence. Conclusion：The higher the exercise level athletes, The more inclined to task orientation, the lower cognitive and somatic state anxiety, the higher the state self-confidence.