论美国形象权限制制度

On Limitations of the Right of Publicity in U.S.A

形象权作为一种控制形象符号价值商业利用的专有性权利,与言论自由和经济自由之间会发生一定的冲突。从权利位阶角度讲,形象权须让位于言论自由与经济自由。有鉴于此,美国法院通过一系列的判例形成了相对完善的形象权限制制度,用以保障言论自由与经济自由不被形象权侵蚀。具体来讲,这些限制制度包括Rogers测试法、附带使用原则、权利穷竭原则和政治性言论免责。

The right of publicity is the right of every person＇s being to control the commercial use of his or her identity.In practice,it will conflict with freedom of speech and expression and liberal economy.From the theory of hierarchy of right,the right of publicity must yield to them.So courts in U.S.A constructed the limitation of the right of publicity by case law.It includes Rogers tests,Incidental use Doctrine,Exhaustion Doctrine and Exemption of political speech.