生态环境约束下的干旱区城乡用水联动模式——以河西走廊张掖市为例

Water Utilization Modes Linked with Urban and Rural Arid Areas Restricted by Eco-environments——A Case Study of Zhangye City in the Hexi Corridor

在脆弱的生态环境和短缺的水资源条件约束下,促进水资源农转非是适应西北干旱区城镇化加速发展的迫切需要。论文以黑河流域张掖市为例,针对张掖市城镇化和工业化水平低、第二三产业用水比重低、用水经济效益低、社会经济用水总量受限等问题,设计了城乡用水联动的总体思路,并提出了生态环境约束下干旱区城乡用水联动的5种主要模式,即:退耕稳粮给水模式、农业科技进步供水模式、农业产业化促水流转模式、城市中水农用模式、水资源农转非补偿模式。通过5种模式的联合运用,旨在为张掖市及西北干旱区创新水资源管理并促进城乡协调快速发展提供参考。

Restricted by the frail eco-environments and scarce water resources,the arid areas in Northwest China are crying for water transfer from rural to urban areas to accelerate the process of urbanization and industrialization.However,food security in the arid areas in Northwest China should also be guaranteed,and the rural and urban areas should both develop sustainablely with rational water reallocation.Consequently,it is urgent to find a way to resolve this problem.Zhangye City,which is located in the Heihe River Basin,is typical in the arid areas of Northwest China,was chosen as a case study.According to the problems Zhangye City are facing,such as low urbanization and industrialization level,low proportion of water utilization of the secondary and tertiary industries in the whole economy,low economic efficiency of water utilization and limitation of water supply for socio-economic system,the overall design of water utilization modes linked with urban and rural arid areas was made.Subsequently,five kinds of water utilization modes linked with urban and rural arid areas restricted by eco-environments were constructed,ie.,increasing urban water use by returning farmlands to forests and grasslands with stable grain production,increasing urban water use by agricultural science and technology progress,transferring water from rural to urban use by agricultural industrialization,reusing urban reclaimed water in agriculture,and paying compensation when transferring water from rural to urban use.If these five kinds of water utilization modes are exercised together,it can help Zhangye City and the arid areas in Northwest China to innovate in water resources management and promote the rural and urban areas to develop harmoniously and rapidly.