1992年至2007年上海市黄浦区居民膳食营养状况变化趋势

A Study on Nutritional Status and Trend of Residents in Huangpu District of Shanghai between 1992 and 2007

[目的]了解黄浦区居民近15年的膳食营养状况变化趋势。[方法]采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2007[年9月至11月抽取上海市黄浦区372名居民进行调查,采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,用称重法调查家庭调味品消费量。并与1992年、2002年和2005年的营养调查资料进行比较。[结果]蛋白质的每日摄入量为92.9g,较1992年上升10.5g。能量的每日摄入量为9167.1kJ,较1992年降低1351.5kJ。85.8%的居民蛋白质每日摄入量≥推荐摄入量(RNI)的80%;70.7%的居民能量每日摄入量≥RNI的80%。79.8%的居民胆固醇每日摄入量超过300mg;90.9%的居民膳食纤维每日摄入量不到25g。脂肪供能比为35.1%,较1992年提高4.9%。70.7%居民的视黄醇、66.2%居民的硫胺素、76.0%居民的核黄素及70.4%居民的抗坏血酸的每日摄入量均未达到RNI。钙的每日摄入量为639.2mg,较1992年上升92.9mg;但仅24.9%的居民钙摄入量达到适宜摄入量(AI)。84.1%居民的铁摄入量达到AI;70.2%居民的硒摄入量达到RNI,均较1992年上升。[结论]与1992年相比,基本营养素摄入状况明显改善,但仍然存在营养素缺乏或过剩问题,有必要加强科学化引导和管理。

[Objective] To understand the nutritional status and changing trend among Huangpu residents in Shanghai.[Methods] Total of 372 residents in Huangpu District of Shanghai were interviewed during a two month period（September to November,2007）and a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy was used.A 24 h dietary recall method was chosen to collect all food intake information for 3 consecutive days,and a weighting method for condiments consumption.The data were compared to the previous nutrition surveys done in 1992,2002 and 2005.[Results] The protein intake was 92.9 g,increased by 10.5 g and the energy intake was 9 167.1 kJ,decreased by 1 351.5 kJ,both compared with the data of 1992 respectively.There were 85.8% and 63.7% residents reported consuming at least 80% of Recommended Nutrient Intake（RNl）on protein and energy respectively.Of 79.8% residents showed 300 mg per day in cholesterol intake,while 90.9% residents consumed fiber less than 25 g per day.The percentage of calories from total fat was 35.1% and increased by 4.9% compared with the 1992 data.The intakes of vitamin A,thiamin,riboflavin and ascorbic acid below RNIs were reported in 70.7%,66.2%,76.0% and 70.4% residents respectively.The intake of calcium was 639.2 mg,increased by 92.9 mg compared with the 1992 data.But only 24.9% residents met the Adequate Intake（Al）of calcium.There were 84.1% and 70.2% residents were found above the RNl or Al of iron and selenium respectively.Both percentages were higher than that those of the 1992 data.[Conclusion] Though the average intakes of fundamental nutrients have improved since the nutrition survey in 1992,there were still issues on nutritional deficiency or excess among residents to be addressed and guided scientifically.