俄罗斯环境政策评析

Analysis of Russia's environment policy

十月革命以来,俄罗斯环境政策分为形成、发展、改革、修补四个阶段,至今环境政策处于由计划体制下的环境管理向市场体制下的环境治理迈进的过程中。期间,环境行政体制调整出现反复,政府与环境NGO关系由对抗、紧张向合作、缓和方向发展,环境政策统合能力不断增强,环境政策内容与时俱进,应对气候变化目标明确,节能政策措施具体,生态文明取得进步。虽然还存在环境政策决定过程透明度低、环境政策出台后的可操作性差等弊端,总体上,汇聚着向市场化环境治理靠拢的各种结构性条件。

Since the October Revolution,the Russian EP policy has been divided into the four stages of formation,development,reform and make-up.It is still in the process of transferring from environment control under the planned system to environment governance under the market system.In between there were reversals of readjustments in the environmental administrative system.The relations of government and environmental NGOs are going from confrontation,tension to détente with ever stronger EP policy,ever growing EP policy content,clearer climate change goals and more specific policy measures and advancing towards ecological civilization.Generally speaking,they have made available the various component conditions close to market-oriented environmental governance despite lack of transparency in EP policymaking and its low operability.