健美操对女大学生心理健康的影响及其心理机制

Effects of Aerobics Exercise on Mental Health of Female College Students and Its Psychological Mechanism

探讨中小强度健美操锻炼对女大学生身体自尊、心境及其心理健康的影响,同时检验本实验提出的假设模型。用中小强度健美操锻炼对实验组被试连续干预10周,对照组实验期间不参加体育锻炼。与此同时,用身体自尊量表(PSPP)、心境量表(POMS)和心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别测量实验前后实验组和对照组被试身体自尊、心境及其心理健康水平,并进行统计分析。结果显示:实验组与被试在身体素质、身体自尊、疲劳、抑郁、TMD、强迫症状、SCL-90总均分上,3组之间存在显著差异。多重比较结果均显示,在身体素质、PSPP总分、疲劳、抑郁、TMD、强迫症状和总均分中,中小强度组优于对照组。在假设模型中,体育锻炼既可以直接影响心理健康,也可以通过心境间接地影响心理健康,或者同时通过身体自尊和心境间接地影响心理健康。结论:中小强度健美操锻炼有利于提高女大学生身体自尊、心境及其心理健康水平,体育锻炼对心理健康的影响有3条路径:一为体育锻炼直接影响心理健康;二为体育锻炼通过心境中介变量影响心理健康;三为体育锻炼通过身体自尊和心境路径影响心理健康。

Objective：To probe the effects of aerobics exercise of low and moderate intensity on the body esteem, mood and mental health of female college students and test hypothesis model. Methods：To intervene in experimental groups for 10 weeks by aerobics exercise of low and moderate intensity while control group not to participate in physical exercise. In the meantime, adopting the inventory of PSPP,POMS and SCL 90 to measure the level of body-esteem, mood and mental health of subjects among experimental and control group before and after experiment, then make statistical analysis. Results： There was obvious difference on scores of physique, physical self-worth, fatigue, depression, TMD, impulsive disorder and to tal mean of SCL-90 between experiment groups and control group. The results of multi-comparisons indicated the score of subjects＇ physique,physical self-worth, fatigue, and depression, TMD, impulsive disor der and total mean of SCL-90 low and moderate intensity group are lower significantly, compared with control group. In hypothesis model, physical exercise not only influenced mental health through mood indirectly but also influenced mental health through body esteem, mood indirectly. Conclusion： Aerobics exercise of low and moderate intensity had good effects on the level of body-esteem, mood and mental health of female college students. There were three paths influencing mental health： first, physical exercise influenced mental health directly. Second, physical exercise influenced mental health through mood indirectly. Third,physical exercise influenced mental health through body esteem,mood indirectly.