豫东潮土氮钾营养对强筋小麦旗叶生理特性和籽粒品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Nutrition on Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves and Grain Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat in Chao Soil of East Henan Province

为给豫东潮土区强筋小麦优质高产栽培提供理论依据,在壤质土壤施用磷肥的基础上,采用裂区设计,研究了氮肥和钾肥配施对强筋小麦旗叶硝酸还原酶活性、光合特性和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,氮钾肥配合施用条件下,除抽穗期施氮量和施钾量与强筋小麦旗叶硝酸还原酶活性分别呈直线和二次曲线关系外,氮、钾肥用量与其余时期旗叶硝酸还原酶活性以及各时期旗叶光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等生理指标均呈二次曲线关系,对硝酸还原酶活性的影响存在着正交互作用,其中N_(270)K_(150)[施氮(纯氮)和施钾(K_2O)量分别为270和150kg·hm^(-2)]处理,各生理指标表现最高。氮、钾肥用量与强筋小麦沉降值、面团稳定时间、面团形成时间和弱化度等品质指标呈二次曲线关系,并存在着正交互作用;粗蛋白和湿面筋含量与施氮量呈直线关系,与施钾量呈二次曲线关系。说明氮钾配施对强筋小麦硝酸还原酶活性、光合特性的影响与对品质的影响基本一致。在本试验条件下,植株生理和籽粒品质达到最佳的处理为N_(270)K_(150),适宜的N:K_2O为1.8:1。

The split-plot design was applied in field experiment to study the effects of combined application of N and K nutrition on physiological characteristics of flag leaves and grain qualities of strong gluten wheat in Chao soil of east Henan province at the base of application of phosphate fertilizer.The results showed that physiological activity indexes of strong gluten wheat such as nitrate reductase （NR） activity,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was associated as quadratic curve with N and K different application rates,and had positive interaction with the nitrate reductase activity,the best treatment combination was N_（270）K_（150）.To obtain the maximum physiological activity indexes,the suitable application rate of N was 217.50～321.00 kg·hm^（-2） and K_2O was 152.20～223.50 kg·hm^（-2）.The N and K application rates was associated as quadratic curve with quality index such as sedimentation value,dough stabilization time,dough development time,and degree of softening etc,and had positive interaction.The crude protein and wet gluten content had a simple linear correlation with nitrogen application rate,but Conics with the amount of potassium application rate.The effects of N and K nutrition on physiological characteristics and qualities of strong gluten wheat was consistent,the best combination of the treatment was M_（270） K_（150） in this experimental conditions,the proper N and K_2O ratio was 1.8：1.