豫北地区小麦生产品种的构成及品质性状研究

Study on the Quality Properties of Wheat and Variety Composition in the Northern Regions of Henan

为了解豫北地区小麦生产品种的构成及小麦品质特性,2008年和2009年在豫北安阳、鹤壁、新乡市所属9个县区27个乡镇的81个村组抽取农户田间小麦主栽品种样品,共计162份,统计小麦品种的构成,分析小麦样品的籽粒品质和面团流变学特性。结果表明,豫北地区小麦主栽品种趋于集中,但品种数量仍较多;与2008年相比,2009年优质小麦的种植比例提高3.7%。品质分析结果表明,豫北地区小麦籽粒千粒重高,容重高,硬度大,蛋白质含量较高,但面筋筋力中等;多数品质性状指标年际间差异显著(P<0.05)。豫北地区小麦属硬质、高蛋白质、中强筋,具有发展强筋小麦的生产能力。应进一步落实良种补贴和优质优价政策,推进稳产、高产、优质专用小麦品种的推广,提高小麦商品粮的整体质量水平。

This investigation was carried out to study the variety composition and quality traits of wheat in the northern area of Henan province by follow-up survey and sampling analysis at the fixed locations.162 wheat samples were collected from the 2007—2008 and 2008—2009 harvest produced from the northern area of Henan province.And in each location,we collected main cultivars from the field.The variety composition was summed up,and wheat kernel quality and dough rheological properties were determined.The number of main varieties was decreasing,but it was still large.Compared with 2008,the proportion of high-quality and strong-gluten varieties increased by 3.7%in 2009.The results showed that thousand kernel weight,bulk weight,kernel hardness and the content of protein were high for wheat grown in the northern area of Henan province,while the gluten was medium. Significant differences were observed in most quality traits of wheat between different years（P 0.05）.Wheat from the northern area of Henan province was hard and high in the content of protein, and its gluten was medium-strong.And it is promising to grow strong-gluten wheat in the northern area of Henan province,The policies of subsidies for superior crop varieties and high price for good quality shoud be well implemented by the related government departments.And it is also responsible for the authorities to strengthen the extension of wheat varieties which were stable,high yield and good quality and improve the quality of commodity wheat.