小麦阶段性冻害的生理机制及预防途径研究进展

Research Progress on Physiological-mechanisms and Prevention Approaches of Cold Injury in Wheat

为系统了解小麦抗寒性研究现状,从遗传、生理、栽培、遥感等方面对小麦阶段性冻害发生的生理机制及预防途径的研究进展进行了总结和评述。小麦抗寒性受多个微效基因控制,低温锻炼激发这些基因,诱导冻蛋白或冷激蛋白的合成和功能表达;低温补偿系统、植株营养以及水分代谢的失衡是小麦冻害发生的主要生理原因;通过品种选择、适当晚播、提高播种质量、合理施肥、生物化学调控可提高小麦抗寒性,减少冻害发生和危害;利用遥感监测可对小麦冻害做出快速有效的评估。

In order to understand the advances on cold injury research,this paper summarized the recent progress in studies on the happening reason,prevention as well as reduction technology and assessment of cold injury from the aspects of heredity,physiology,cultivation and remote sensing.The chilling-resistant of wheat was controlled by some minor genes,which could induce the synthesis and functional expression of antifreeze proteins or cold shock proteins.Low-temperature compensation system, nutrients and unbalanced water metabolism were the main physiological reasons inducing cold injury in wheat.The capacity of wheat to resist cold injury could be improved based on the cultivation measures such as sowing date,sowing rate,spraying cold-resister and increasing application of N,P, K after disaster.It is faster and more effective to assess the cold disaster by the remote sensing.