2001—2009年三峡水库万州段鼠疫潜在危险因素分析

Analysis of potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area

目的 分析三峡水库万州段鼠疫潜在危险因素,为全区鼠疫防治及预警工作提供科学依据.方法 2001-2009年,在三峡水库万州段的9个镇（乡）,采用夹夜法和笼夜法捕鼠,对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定,计算鼠带蚤率和蚤指数;用鼠疫间接血凝试验（IHA）法检测鼠、猫、犬血清鼠疫F1抗体,开展人间及鼠间鼠疫疫情监测.结果捕获鼠形动物隶属1纲2目2科9种.室内环境平均鼠密度为1.16%（961/82 558）,野外农区环境平均鼠密度为1.12%（1345/119 671）,以褐家鼠为优势种群,占50.37%.2004、2008、2009年室内环境黄胸鼠在鼠形动物种群的构成比分别为3.80%、4.50%、10.12%,呈逐年增多趋势.调查发现有3种鼠染蚤,分别为印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤、猫栉首蚤,鼠平均染蚤率为1.18%（82/6959）,总蚤指数平均为0.036.检测6959份鼠血清标本和160份猫、犬血清,鼠疫F1抗体检测结果均为阴性.结论三峡水库万州段暂未发生鼠疫,但该地广泛存在家鼠鼠疫菌重要储存宿主黄胸鼠及鼠疫传播媒介印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤,黄胸鼠种群数量呈逐年增多趋势.三峡水库万州段存在发生鼠疫的潜在危险.

Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination （IHA）. Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% （961/82 558）, and was 1.12% （1345/119 671） outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%（82/6959） and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.