早产儿眼球发育及屈光状态变化

Development of ocular optical components and refractive error in premature infants

目的:观察早产儿眼球生物学指标及屈光状态随年龄变化的规律。方法:早产儿218例、足月儿76例分别在出生后1,4,8和12mo进行A超检查,记录眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔长度;并在8和12mo进行睫状肌麻痹检影验光,记录球镜度;分析眼球生物学指标及屈光状态随年龄变化规律。结果:随年龄增长,无论早产儿及足月儿前房深度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度均逐渐增大;晶状体厚度逐渐减小。出生初期,早产儿较正常儿前房深度浅,玻璃体腔长度及眼轴长度短。出生后随年龄增长,早产儿玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度生长较足月儿快;但前房深度和晶状体厚度改变无明显差异。结论:出生时早产儿较正常儿眼球各项生物学指数发育差,随年龄增长,早产儿正视化较足月儿快,与眼轴生长有关。

AIM： To evaluate development of the ocular optical components and refractive error in premature infants and full term infants. METHODS： Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and posterior segment length were measured by A-scan ultra-sonography in 218 premature infants and 76 full term infants 1,4,8,12 months after birth. The spherical equivalent refractive error was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy 8,12 months after birth. RESULTS： Anterior chamber depth,posterior segment length and axial length were growing while the lens thickness decreasing with age;Anterior chamber depth,posterior segment length and axial length in premature infants were smaller than that of the full term infants at early age after birth; Posterior segment length and axial length showed greater increase in premature infants than full term infants; but no difference between the anterior chamber depth and the thickness of the lens. CONCLUSION： Optical components are immature at early age after birth but grow more rapidly with age in premature infants than that in full term infants,which contribute to the emmetropization development.