依托型急救中心急性中毒流行病学与急救特点分析

Epidemiological analysis of acute poisoning in emergency center affiliated to general hospital

目的 研究依托型急救中心急诊内科收治急性中毒患者的流行病学与急救特点.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对2004-2009年在福建省急救中心内科就诊的各类急性中毒患者的性别、年龄、中毒原因、种类、毒物名称、入侵途径、急诊诊断、急救处置、去向及转归等,进行登记并分析.结果 共收治急性中毒患者2867例,男女比例为1∶1.04,平均33.8岁,其中18～40岁年龄组占76.39%.所有中毒例数以1月份最多,占全部11.33%;中毒类别位居前四位的依次是酒精中毒（54.55%）,药物中毒（25.95%）,农药中毒（5.65%）,毒品中毒（4.88%）;毒品中毒大部分为年龄≤25岁（56.44%）,平均年龄为28.2岁,明显低于药物中毒和酒精中毒（P＜0.01）;69.54%患者经急救处理后离院随诊观察,需要住院者占30.39%,仅4例发生死亡.结论 城市急性中毒以酒精和药物为著;依托型急救中心模式中＂院前急救-急诊科-院内救治＂的急救绿色通道,对于提高急性中毒的抢救成功率和成活率具有重要意义.

Objective Acute poisoning is frequently encountered at emergency department. This study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with acute poisoning who were treated at the Emergency Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, China. Method We retrospectively analyzed the gender, age, causes of poisoning, types of poisons, poisoning route, emergency diagnoses, outcomes, and prognoses of these patients.Results Altogether 2867 patients with acute poisoning were treated from January 2004 to December 2009. The ratween 18 and 40 years old. The incidence of acute poisoning was as high as 11.33% in January each year. The incidence of poisoning was in a descending order： alcohol poisoning （54.55%）, medication poisoning （25.95%）, pesticide poisoning （5.65%）, and drug poisoning （4.88%）. Most （56.44%） of the patients with drug poisoning were under 25 years and their mean age was significantly lower than that of patients with medication poisoning or alcohol poisoning （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Approximately 69.54% of the patients were followed up after emergency treatment, 30.39% were hospitalized, and four patients died. Conclusions Acute poisoning is largely alcohol poisoning and medication poisoning in a city. The emergency green channel ＂pre-hospital emergency care-emergency department-hospital treatment＂ can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with acute poisoning.