山区小流域坡面和沟道侵蚀的数学模式探讨

Exploration in Mathematic Modes on the Slope and Stria Erosions for Small Watershed in Mountainous Region

小流域土壤侵蚀预报和模拟一直是世界土壤侵蚀研究的前沿领域,其中,坡面侵蚀和沟道侵蚀的计算方法、侵蚀能力的不均匀问题以及泥沙在塘库河道的沉积问题是研究的关键。对此,重点从侵蚀机理和计算方法上进行探讨,提出考虑到坡面土壤抗侵蚀能力和塘库沉积作用的计算方法,研讨了影响流域侵蚀和泥沙输送的主要环节和关键影响因子,分析了流域土壤抗蚀能力的空间差异及其对模拟结果的影响,提出了小流域侵蚀泥沙数学模型的基本结构框架,为进一步完善现有侵蚀泥沙过程模型提供了新的计算方法。

Small watershed soil erosion forecasting and simulation are the world＇s front fields of soil erosion science. The calculating method of Slope erosion and channel erosion,the non-uniform erosion and sedimentation deposition in the river and reservoir are the key issues in the research. Based on the studies to the erosion mechanics of slope and stria,the basic problems and computation methods are discussed on the erosion simulation. Some new modes in computation of the slope erosion and channel deposition are derived. The key links and impact factors to watershed erosion and sediment transportation are analyzed. A fundamental structure of mathematic model to watershed erosion has been proposed to consider the soil＇s anti-erosion capacity and its spatial difference. These works will benefit the design of the process-oriented model and improve the result of simulation.