秃杉林与杉木连栽林的土壤理化性质及林木生长量比较

Comparative Analysis on Soil Physi-Chemical Properties and the Tree Growth in Taiwania flousiana Plantations and Successive Rotation Plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata

选择在杉木1代林采伐迹地上营造的8,11和14年生秃杉林及8,11和14年生杉木连栽2代林进行土壤理化性质及林木生长量对比试验。结果表明:8,11和14年生秃杉林地土壤密度依次为0.893～1.112,0.797～1.256和0.598～1.211g.cm-3,比杉木林下降0.9%～6.9%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤总孔隙度依次为45.69%～65.33%,46.45%～68.74%和39.82%～68.26%,比杉木林提高6.6%～8.7%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤通气度依次为3.43%～11.43%,4.15%～19.73%和2.28%～12.23%,比杉木林提高14.2%～24.4%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤饱和持水量依次为46.89%～66.50%,40.90%～68.09%和42.36%～98.15%,比杉木林提高12.4%～14.9%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤pH值依次为4.30～5.10,4.40～4.80和4.13～4.55,比杉木林降低1.3%～6.3%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤有机质含量依次为46.03～71.45,34.96～68.67和25.59～79.38g·kg-1,8年生比杉木林略低,11和14年生比杉木林提高23.4%～77.1%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤全氮含量依次为1.78～3.55,1.97～3.04和2.01～3.12g·kg-1,水解氮含量依次为146.9～355.3,185.0～370.5和136.6～365.9mg·kg-1,均表现为8年生秃杉林比杉木林略低,11和14年生秃杉林比杉木林提高20.1%～35.6%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤速效磷含量依次为0.5～2.7,0.6～1.5和0.6～2.8mg·kg-1,比杉木林提高11.1%～54.5%;3个林龄秃杉林地土壤速效钾含量依次为15.4～137.5,34.5～115.5和18.7～89.1mg·kg-1,比杉木林降低23.6%～47.6%;3个林龄秃杉林分平均胸径依次为10.70,12.67和14.13cm,比杉木林提高12.4%～36.7%;3个林龄秃杉林分平均树高依次为8.63,11.47和13.33m,比杉木林提高11.7%～30.2%;3个林龄秃杉林分平均蓄积量依次为93.308,153.418和203.824m3.hm-2,比杉木林提高37.7%～117.5%。

Soil physi-chemical properties and the tree growth were compared in successive rotation plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata （CR Chinese Fir） in tree different ages（8-year-old,11-year-old and 14-year-old）,and Taiwania flousiana plantations with the same age pattern which were afforested in previous slash of Chinese Fir. The results showed that soil bulk densities were 0. 893 -1. 112,0. 797 -1. 256 and 0. 598 -1. 211 g.cm -3 respectively in 8,11,14-year-old Taiwania flousiana plantations soils （0 ～100 cm）,which were lower 0. 9% -6. 9% than those in CR Chinese Fir plantations. Total soil porosity in the three ages of Taiwania flousiana plantations was respectively 45. 69% -65. 33% ,46. 45% -68. 74% and 39. 82% -68. 26% ,and all higher 6. 6% -8. 7% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. The soil ventilation degree was respectively 49. 57% -59. 71% ,44. 55% -66. 68% and 42. 38% -66. 16% ,and also higher 14. 2 % -24. 4% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. The soil saturation moisture capacity was respectively 3. 43% -11. 43% ,4. 15% -19. 73% and 2. 28% -12. 23% ,and higher 12. 4% -14. 9% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations; The saturated water contents were 46. 89% -66. 50% ,40. 90% -68. 09% and 42. 36% -98. 15% respectively,and higher 12. 4% -14. 9% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. pH values of forest soil （0 -40 cm layer） were 4. 30 -5. 10,4. 40 -4. 80 and 4. 13 -4. 55 respectively in 8,11,14-years-old of Taiwania flousiana plantations,which were lower 1. 3% -6. 3% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations ,and the organic matter contents were 46. 03 -71. 45,34. 96 -68. 67 and 25. 59 -79. 38 g·kg -1,and lower that in CR Chinese Fir plantations in the 8-year-old,however higher 23. 4% -77. 1% than that in the 11,14-years-old. Total nitrogen and hydrolysis nitrogen contents were 1. 78 -3. 55,1. 97 -3. 04,2. 01 -3. 12 g·kg -1 and 146. 9 -355. 3,185. 0 -370. 5,136. 6 -365. 9 mg·kg -1,and slightly lower than that in 8-year-old is and higher 20. 1% -35. 6% in the 11,14-years-old. Available P contents were 0. 5 -2. 7,0. 6 -1. 5 and 0. 6 -2. 8 mg·kg -1 respectively,and higher than that 11. 1% -54. 5% in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. Available K contents were 15. 4 -137. 5,34. 5 -115. 5 and 18. 7 -89. 1 mg·kg -1,and lower 23. 6% -47. 6% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. In the 8,11,14 years-old of Taiwania flousiana plantations,the average diameter was 10. 70 ,12. 67 and 14. 13 cm respectively,and higher 12. 4% -36. 7% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. The average tree height were 8. 63,11. 47 and 13. 33 m respectively,and higher 11. 7% -30. 2% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations. Tree stands volumes were 93. 308,153. 418 and 203. 824 m3.hm -2 respectively,higher 37. 7% -117. 5% than that in the CR Chinese Fir plantations.