长白山针叶林带大型真菌多样性

Macrofungal Diversity in Coniferous Forests in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

采用取样调查方法,在长白山针叶林的长白落叶松+臭冷杉群落、长白松+臭冷杉群落、长白落叶松+红松群落、卷柏+臭冷杉群落和长白鱼鳞云杉+臭冷杉群落中获得大型真菌物种组成和群落结构的基本数据,分析了不同植物群落中大型真菌的丰富度指数R1、R2,多样性指数N1、N2、H'和均匀度指数E。结果表明:5个样方中采集得到大型真菌205种,其中腐生菌93种,外生菌根菌110种,寄生菌2种,其它4种;大型真菌物种组成及丰富度、多样性、均匀度与植物群落组成和环境条件关系密切;大型真菌子实体的发生在1a中出现2次高峰,分别为7月中下旬和9月上旬,第1次高峰期以腐生菌为主。第2次高峰期则以外生菌根菌为主。凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。

The basic data of species composition and community structure of macrofungi in different plant communities of coniferous forests in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve were obtained by sampling survey method.Five typical plant communities were selected,namely Ass.Larix olgensis Henry ＋ Abies nephrolepis（Trautv.） Maxim,Ass.Pinus sylvestriformis（Takenouchi） W.C.Cheng et C.D.Chu ＋ Larix olgensis Henry,Ass.Larix olgensis Henry ＋ Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc,Ass.Selaginella tamariscina（Beauv.） Spring ＋ Abies nephrolepis（Trautv.） Maxim.,and Ass.Picea jezoensis var.komarovii（V.Vassil.） Cheng et L.K.Fu ＋ Abies nephrolepis（Trautv.） Maxim.Species richness index,diversity index and evenness index were used to analyse the macrofungal diversity among different plant communities in the coniferous forests.A total of 205 species of macrofungi belonging to 71 genera of 44 families were identified,among which 110 species were ectomycorrhizal,93 were saprophytic,and 2 were parasitic.There were close relationships between species composition,richness,diversity,evenness and plant community composition and environmental conditions.Fruit bodies of macrofungi in the coniferous forests exhibited two peaks each year,and the first fruiting peak occurred in the middle to late July and the 2nd in the first ten days of September.The majority groups were saprophytic fungi in the first fruiting peak and the ectomycorrhizal fungi were dominant in the second fruiting peak.Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Mycology of Jilin Agricultural University（HMJAU）.