“把”字句和“被”字句的语义差异

The Asymmetric Phenomena in Ba-construction and Bei-construction

"把"字句和"被"字句是在句法和语义上都紧密联系的两种句式,但二者在自然语言中又有较为明显的差异。其差异的原因在于两种句式本身语法意义上的差别以及"把"和"被"的标记作用不同。要解释两种句式的差异,需要从语义入手来探讨两种句式中论元成分和语义角色的不同,进而对比两种句式在语义和语用上的差别。

Ba-construction and Bei-construction which relate each other both in syntax and semantics are two typical structures in Mandarin Chinese.However,the divergence between the two structures is also an issue requiring great concern.The reason for the inconsistence between the two structures lies in the difference of the grammatical meanings of their own,and the different roles playing by the two markers-Ba and Bei.By means of the comparing the thematic role of the constituent A and B in the two structures,we draw a conclusion about the divergence of the two structures both in semantics and in pragmatics.In the end,we strive to provide an explanation for the asymmetric phenomena in natural language.