成人麻疹75例临床分析

Analysis of clinical signs of measles in 75 adult cases

目的探讨成人麻疹的临床特点及预防措施。方法对75例成人麻疹的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果成人麻疹发病年龄为青年,平均26.8岁;发病季节性不显著,呈全年散发趋势;中毒症状重,均出现上呼吸道症状及眼痛、流泪,眼结膜充血明显;高热者多见,且热程长,热程平均6.3d;皮疹发生率为100%,出疹时间有改变,发热1～7 d均有出疹者,最先出疹部位以颜面多见41例(54.7%),伴有瘙痒者25例(33.3%),重者可有出血性皮疹;口腔麻疹粘膜斑多见45例(60.0%),消化道症状多见23例(30.7%),浅表淋巴结肿大者不少见21例(28.0%),75例经抗病毒、抗感染、对症和支持治疗,7例好转,68例痊愈。结论成人麻疹心脏及肝脏损害较常见;预后良好,严重并发症少,提示应重视对成人进行麻疹强化免疫。

【Objective】To explore the clinical characteristics and prevention of measles in adult.【Methods】 The clinical files of 75 adult cases with measles were reviewed and analyzed.【Results】The measles patients were youth with average of 26.8 years.The infectious disease did not have clearly seasonal variation and was sporadic the whole year.The clinical signs included severe toxic signs,upper respiratory signs,eye-ache,dacryorrhea,conjunctiva congestion,high fever continued 6.3 days in average,exanthema（100 %） with various eruption time from 1 day to 7 days.Early eruption mainly occurred in face（41 case,54.7%）,itching was accompanied in 25 case（33.3 %）,hemorrhagic rashes were seen in severe patients.Koplik＇s spots were seen in oral cavity of 45 cases（60.0 %）,digestive tract symptoms appeared in 23 cases（30.7 %）,superficial lymphadenectasis occurred in 21 cases（28.0 %）.By antivirotic,anti-infective,heteropathy and supporting therapy,7 cases getting better and 68 cases recovered in all 75 cases.【Conclusion】Measles in adult slightly injure heart and liver.The disease has no severe complications and the prognosis is fairly good.Measles revaccination should be recommended to adults.