391例儿童眼外伤临床分析

Clinical analysis on pediatric eye trauma of 391 cases

目的了解儿童眼外伤发生的原因、规律及特点,探讨儿童眼外伤防治措施。方法对391例14岁以下的眼外伤住院儿童进行调查和统计分析。结果男女比例4.6∶1;4～8岁年龄段是儿童眼外伤发病的高峰期,占总受伤人数的48.6%,且不同性别的儿童在各个年龄段发生眼外伤的差异显著(P<0.05);致伤环境主要是在公共场所和家庭;锐器伤所占的构成比高于钝器伤及爆炸伤;眼外伤发生类型中穿通伤占50.6%,居首位,其中由剪刀、竹签和铁丝所致者比例最高(62.0%);1、2月受伤人数最多,占总人数的28.1%;12月到翌年2月鞭炮、玩具子弹及弹弓致伤比例最高。结论采取有效的预防措施降低儿童眼外伤的发生率是十分必要的。

【Objective】To understand the causes,regularities and characteristics of pediatric eye trauma and to study the precautionary measures.【Methods】The data of 391 pediatric eye trauma cases（0～14a） from hospitalization were analyzed.【Results】The sex ratio was 4.6：1;the age group of 4～8a was the peak stage of pediatric eye injuries,accounts for 48.6%,and there were obvious differences among the age groups of different genders in eye trauma（P0.05）;the publics and homes were the mainly suffered place;ratio of sharp injury was higher than blunt injury and explosive injury;most eye injury was penetrating injury（50.6%）,and the causes such as scissors,bamboo and iron wires were much more than others（62.0%）;the injury occurred in Jan.and Feb most（28.1%）;the injury caused by fire crackers,bullets of toy gun and catapults often occurred during Dec.to Feb.of next year.【Conclusion】It is quite necessary for us to take effective precautionary measures in order to decrease the incidence of pediatric eye trauma.