环境扫描电子显微镜工作原理及其气象学应用

Applications of Environmental-Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) in Meteorology

大气颗粒物具有吸附性、吸湿性以及对光的吸收和散射性等特性,对环境、气候和人类健康造成许多不利影响。扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析技术,可在观测大气组成的微小颗粒的微观结构的同时,实现对微结构元素组分分析的目的,为气象学中开展微观物理化学研究提供一个有效的手段。文章简要介绍了环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)的基本工作原理及特点,指出环境扫描电子显微镜在气象科学研究中的独特作用、适用领域,并通过对人工影响天气焰剂产生的大气颗粒的物理化学性质研究的实例来说明其应用。

Atmospheric particles have many adverse influences on the environment,climate and human health due to their physical and chemical properties,such as adsorption,moisture and light absorption and scattering.Along with the development of electron and computer technology,the observation of the microstructure of atmospheric particles and the micro-structural analysis of elements are made possible by ESEM and X-ray Energy Dispersive Microanalysis（EDS）.An introduction is conducted on the basic principles and functions of ESEM,and the application of ESEM in meteorological service.Taking the atmospheric particles produced by pyrotechnics in weather modification operation as an example,the microstructure and chemical properties of atmospheric particles is studied.