市场失灵视阈下西藏地区旅游资源可持续消费探析

An Analysis of "Market Failure" in Sustainable Consumption of Tourism Resources in Tibet

旅游业并非"无烟工业",旅游业大发展带来的资源环境问题不容小觑。在旅游资源消费过程中应遵循可持续消费原则,做到适度消费、公平消费、节约消费。在西藏旅游热持续升温的表象下,由于外部性的存在,使旅游资源过度消费成为必然,旅游资源的公共物品属性导致开发商对旅游资源的掠夺性经营,公共参与渠道不畅导致政府在公共资源配置方面显失公平。要解决市场失灵下存在的这些问题关键在于加强制度建设,包括完善政府在旅游资源供给方面的职能,建立旅游资源产权转让监督制度,完善旅游资源配置中的公共选择机制,建立公众参与和表达制度等。

Tourism is not a low-impact industry. The problems of resources and environment caused by the development of tourism should not be ignored. The consumption of tourism resources should follow the principle of sustainable consumption by means of moderate, fair and resource-saving consumption. Beneath the prosperity of tourism in Tibet, the over-consumption of tourism resources is inevitable as a consequence of developers＇ predatory use of tourism resources since they are the public belonging property, and the failure of public participation as a result of unfair distribution of public resources by the government. In order to solve the problem of ＂market failure＂ it is essential to strengthen the system construction including to recover the function of the government in the supply of tourism resources, and to establish a supervision system of transferring the property rights of tourism resources, and to improve the public choice mechanism of truism resource distribution, and to establish a system of public participation, etc.