光绪朝与雍正朝奏折制度之比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Systems of Memorial to the Throne (Zou Zhe) during the Reign of Emperor Guang Xu and during the Reign of Emperor Yong Zheng

雍正朝进折人员的增加主要取决于政治需要,而光绪朝折件人员增加除了和雍正朝一样的原因,还在于专折言事规定的实行。在折件内容方面,光绪朝与雍正朝相同的地方比较多些,只不过有细微的差别。在批阅折子方面,雍正朝运用外官与部门一起商议处理折件,而光绪朝却稀少。在奏折的存储方面,雍正朝具有比光绪朝更强的秘密性。以上比较说明:奏折制度与当时政局的关系密切。

The number of the officials who presented memorials to the throne（Zou Zhe） in the reign of Emperor Yongzheng increased for the political needs while it also increased in the reign of Emperor Guang Xu due to the practice of specific memorial to the throne for specific affairs in addition to the political needs.In terms of the content of the memorials to the throne,there were more similarities between the reign of Emperor Yong Zheng and the reign of Emperor Guang Xu and minor differences.As for the reading of the memorials to the throne,the two courts basically employed the same kinds of officials,but Emperor Yong Zheng discussed the memorials to the throne with the out-court officials and the departments.The storage of the memorials to the throne was more strictly confidential during the reign of Emperor Yong Zheng than during the reign of Emperor Guang Xu.By the comparison of the above points,it can be concluded that the system of memorial to the throne was closely related to the political situation.