2型糖尿病患者膳食结构及膳食行为80例调查分析

An investigation and analysis for dietary pattern and action in 80 type 2 diabetics

以问卷方式调查2009年6月至12月住院的80例2型糖尿病患者食物摄入的种类和数量，计算平均每日食物摄入量、营养素摄入量、三大营养素产能比，并根据2型糖尿病的摄入量标准及中国居民膳食指南和膳食宝塔进行分析。结果表明，蛋白质摄入不足27例（占34％），脂肪摄入过量40例（占50％），碳水化合物摄入不足39例（占49％），膳食纤维摄入不足74例（占93％）。每日总能量摄入量与推荐量相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。不同体重指数患者的总能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和膳食纤维摄入量相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。

Eighty patients with T2DM hospitalized at Tongren Hospital, Beijing during June to December 2009 were chosen for survey by FFQ （ food frequency questionnaire）. Their daily food intake and nutrient intake were collected and percentage of energy generated from carbohydrate, protein and fat were estimated for each participant, and analyzed based on the criteria of dietary intake for T2DM, the dietary guidelines and the recommendations for dietary nutritional structure for Chinese residents. Among 80 patients with T2DM, 27 （34%） were found insufficient daily protein intake, 39 （49%） insufficient carbohydrates, 40 （50%） excessive fat, and 74 （93%） insufficient dietary fiber, respectively. There was a significant gap between their daily total energy intake and that recommended for patients with T2DM （ P 〈 0. 01 or 0. 05 ）. No significant difference was found in daily intake of total energy, protein, fat carbohydrate and dietary fiber among T2DM patients with varied body mass index （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Dietary pattern and actions and self-management in the patients with T2DM surveyed are not so reasonable.