分子生物技术在污水处理系统内硝化菌群研究中的应用

Application of Molecular Biological Techniques for Analyzing Nitrifier Communities in Wastewater Treatment

不依赖于纯培养的分子生物技术已广泛应用于环境微生物的研究.综述了近年来在荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)和聚合酶链式反应技术(Polymerasechainreaction,PCR)基础上发展起来的几种新分子生物技术的基本原理,包括FISH-MAR、FISH-microelectrodes、Clone-FISH、SIP、PCR-DGGE-cloning-sequencing、PCR-T-RFLP、Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR和RT-PCR,以及其在污水生物处理系统内硝化菌群研究领域中的应用现状.通过这些分子生物技术,可以识别污水生物处理系统内的硝化菌群;建立硝化菌群动态变化与工艺运行参数之间的相关关系;从微生物学角度对系统运行状态给予最直接、最可靠的分析与证明,为污水生物处理系统的长期稳定运行奠定理论基础.最后对该领域的未来发展进行了展望.

Molecular biological techniques have provided a cultivation-independent means for the identification of environmental microorganisms.The molecular biological techniques based on fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH） and polymerase chain reaction（PCR） were introduced,including FISH-MAR,FISH-microelectrodes,Clone-FISH,SIP,PCRDGGE-cloning-sequencing,PCR-T-RFLP,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and RT-PCR.The mechanisms and applications of these techniques in the investigation of nitrifier communities in wastewater treatment systems were studied.By using these techniques,the nitrifier communities could be identified in the systems,and the correlation between the dynamic variation in the nitrifier communities and the operating parameters of the systems could be established,and the real state of the system operation could also be analyzed and proved directly and reliably.The results from this study provide theoretical supports for the long-range stable operation of the wastewater treatment systems,and this paper puts forward some suggestions for the future application of those techniques in this field.