清耕和生草梨园土壤酶活性的空间变化

Spatial Variability of Soil Enzyme Activity in Pear Orchard Under Clean and Sod Cultivation Models

【目的】研究清耕、生草梨园土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性空间变化特征。【方法】以清耕、生草模式下砀山酥梨园土壤为对象,分别测定株间、行间及其不同土壤深度(0—60cm)过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。【结果】在清耕梨园同一土层的株间、行间,每种酶的活性发生变化,在生草梨园同一土层的株间、行间,每种酶的活性也发生变化,表现出在水平方向活性变化。不同土层土壤酶活性的大小也存在差异,表现出在垂直方向活性变化。清耕和生草梨园株行间土壤蔗糖酶活性在0—20cm土层高于20—40cm和40—60cm土层,土壤过氧化氢酶活性在行间表现出0—20cm和20—40cm土层高于40—60cm土层,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性表现为20—40cm土层低于0—20cm和40—60cm土层。生草栽培除40—60cm土层的蔗糖酶活性低于清耕栽培外,3种酶活性在3个土层均表现出生草高于清耕,提高了梨园土壤碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,分别高出清耕梨园22.94%、4.75%和21.12%。【结论】在清耕和生草两种栽培模式下,3种酶活性存在空间变化,生草提高了3种酶活性。

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate spatial variabilities of soil catalase,invertase,and alkaline phosphatase activities of pear orchard under clean and sod cultivation management systems.【Method】 With the soil of pear（cv.Dangshansu on P.betulaefolia Bge.rootstock） orchard under clean and sod cultivation models as test materials,the experiment was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil catalase,invertase,and alkaline phosphatase activities in between rows and different soil layers（0-60 cm）.【Result】 Each enzyme activity showed difference in between rows of the same soil layer in pear orchard with clean and sod cultivation management systems.Variability of soil enzyme activity was found in the horizontal direction.Soil enzyme activities were also different in vertical soil layers under two culture models.Invertase activity in 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than those in 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers in between rows.Catalase activities in 0-20 and 20-40 cm of soil layers were higher than that in 40-60 cm soil layer between rows.Alkaline phosphatase activity in 20-40 cm soil layer was lower than those in 0-20 and 40-60 cm soil layers in between rows.The activities of three enzymes of sod cover were higher than the performance of clean cultivation in the three soil layers,except that invertase activity of sod cover was lower as compared to that of clean cultivation in 40-60 cm soil layer.Sod cultivation model significantly improved soil alkaline phosphatase,invertase,and catalase activities of pear orchard,and the three enzyme activities increased by 22.94%,4.75%,and 21.12% compared to clean cultivation,respectively.【Conclusion】 In clean and sod cultivation models,the three enzyme activities exhibited spatial variabilities,and sod cover increased these enzyme activities than clean cultivation.