论民间习惯的边缘化

The Marginalization of the Custom

民间习惯是法律的渊源,而向法律输出规则的过程也是习惯被边缘化的过程。在判例法制度下,经过法官适用的习惯具有了法律的效力,从而与纯粹的民间习惯产生分野。使习惯成为习惯法的是两种因素,即习惯自身的规范性与法官对这种规范性的确信,而法官的确信则是使习惯转变为习惯法的主导因素。凝聚在判例法中的习惯法经过法律人的加工,成为司法活动和法学研究反思的对象,逐渐脱离大众实践而成为一种在法律人之间共享的知识。在完成自己的历史使命的同时,习惯则成为法律的配角——非正式法律传统。这是民间习惯自身的历史命运。

The custom is a source of the law,and the process of the custom export rules to the law is the same process of the marginalization of the custom.The custom adopted by the judge got the effectiveness under the case law,and became different from the pure civil custom.The norm of the custom and the opinio necessitates of the judge are two factors that make the custom into customary law,and the latter is the leading factor.The customary laws accumulated in the cases have been the object of the judicature and the juristic research after the reconstruction by the lawyer.And then the customary law became a body of knowledge shared among the lawyers.The custom turned into a supporting role of the law,which is named as an informal legal tradition.That＇s the fate of the custom.