简析美、英两国的法院体系

Judicial Systems of the USA and the UK

美国和英国的法律同属普通法系,都是在"三权分立"的基础上实行司法独立,但由于两国历史、文化、传统的差异,其司法体制有较大的不同,这种区别集中地体现在两国的法院体系中。美国的法院体系充分体现出司法联邦主义的特点。根据1787年《美国宪法》和1789年《司法法》,美国人构造出平行运行的联邦法院和州法院的两大体系。而英国的法院体系和美国不同,司法权比较集中,不具有美国联邦司法体制的特点,自1876年英国国会制定相关法律后,逐步形成了统一的法院系统。

Belonging to the Common Law system,both the USA and the UK enjoy judicial independence on the basis of the separation of powers.However,the differences in history,culture and tradition between them have given rise to the differences of judicial systems.In the USA,its judicial system is characterized by its judicial federalism.The American Constitution in 1787 and The Judicial Law in 1789 produced two parallel court systems：the federal court and the state court.Different from the courts in the USA,jurisdiction in the UK is rather concentrated.There has formed a unified judicial system since pertinent laws were issued by the British parliament in 1876.