公民定义与公民身份的界定

The Definition of Citizen and the Identification of Citizenship

公民是享有从事管理社会和国家等公共事务的权利的人:这是公民定义。公民应该是具有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动能力的人:这是公民身份或公民资格。一方面,根据政治权利的平等原则,每个国民都应该享有政治权利,都应该享有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动的政治权利;另一方面,根据人作为政治动物之本性,每个国民都具有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动的政治能力:实在的或是潜在的。因此,每个国民便都应该具有公民资格,都应该成为公民,都应该从事管理社会和国家等公务活动。对于那些不具有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动能力,而仅仅具有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动的潜能的国民,政府负有通过公民教育而使这些国民具有从事管理社会和国家等公务活动能力的责任:保障每个国民的政治潜能得到实现乃是国家的义务和国民的权利。

The definition of citizen states that citizens are people who are entitled to the administration of social and country public affairs,while the citizenship requires that citizens should be those who can administrate social and public affairs of the country.On the one hand,every countryman is entitled to equal political rights and the political rights to administrate social and public affairs of the country;on the other hand,based on the nature of human beings as political animals,every citizen has the latent or potential ability to deal with social and public affairs of the country.Therefore,every countryman is eligible to be a citizen,and should be engaged in the administration of social and country public affairs.For those who are not able to deal with social and public affairs of the country but possess such potentials,the government is obliged to educate them,because it is the duty of the country and the rights of countrymen to realize such potentials.