紫外线诱变拮抗木霉产生对百菌清抗药性菌株的研究

Study on Chlorothalonil Resistance Strains from Antagonistic Trichoderma Induced by Ultraviolet Mutation

[目的]筛选出性状优良的抗药性木霉菌株，并研究其与8种常用化学药剂的交互抗性．[方法]采用紫外线诱变处理和含药（百菌清）培养基驯化相结合的方法，对拮抗木霉菌株T30进行改良，获得了6株在百菌清杀菌剂1100mg／L浓度水平下仍能较好生长的抗药性木霉菌株，并通过其敏感性、拮抗作用以及遗传稳定性和交互抗性等一系列测定，从中筛选出了性状优良的抗药性菌株T30B．3—3m。[结果]诱变的木霉菌株T30B－—3m与亲本木霉菌株T30相比较，其抗药性提高了279．81倍，生长速率和产孢量与亲本菌株相近，连续转接10代，其抗药性随传代仍然表现稳定；对供试5种病原真菌均具有很好的抑制作用，抑制率达86．58～94．90％；T30B－3—3m对速克灵、霜脲·烯啉、代森锰锌、甲基托布津以及尿素、磷酸二氢钾的抗药性较好，药剂对其抑制率只有0～10．4％，对福美双也具有一定的交互抗性，但对多菌灵却无交互抗性。[结论]为设施蔬菜病害的生物防治提供了优良菌株，同时为实现生物农药与化学农药的综合协同作用奠定了良好基础。

[ Objective] To screen the ideal resistant strains and study the reciprocation resistance with eight chemical agents. [ Method] Six ehlorothalonil resistance strains were obtained from Antagonistic Trichoderma T30 by ultraviolet mutation and chlorothalonil medicinal cultivation. They could still grow well in the medium, at chlorothaloni] concentration of 1 100 mg/L. Through a series tests of sensitivity to chlorothalonil, antagonism to pathogens, genetic stability of resistance and ahernant resistance, and so on, an ideal resistant strain T30 B-3-3m was screened. [ Result]The resistance of Trichoderma strain T30B-3-3m was at least 279.81 times than parent of T30. Growth rate and ability of producing sporus of resistant strain T3oB-3-3 was similar to T30. The resistance was still steady after transferring of culture ten times continuously. And the resistance strain had good antagonism to five kinds of pathogens, its inhibition rate reached 86.58% - 94.90%. The reciprocation resistance of T30 B-3-3m was good to proeymidone, fosetyz-aluminium, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl and urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,its inhibition rate was only 0- 10.4%. To some extent, the resistant strain T30 B-3-3 also existed reciprocation resistance with thiram, but it did not have reciprocation resistance with carbendazim. [ Conclusion ] It not only provided the ideal resistant strains for the biological control of the greenhouse vegetable diseases, but also provided a good foundation for realizing the synergistic effect of bio-pesticide and chemical pesticide.