气候变暖对天水冬小麦生长发育的影响

Influence of Climate Warming on Growing Development of Winter Wheat

运用天水农业气象试验站1981～2008年冬小麦生育期观测资料及麦积国家基本气象站同时期的气象资料，分析了近28年气温升高对冬小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明，1981～2008年天水年平均气温以0．04℃／a的线性趋势上升，其中升温幅度最大的为春季，最小的为夏季。受气温升高的影响，冬小麦全生育期温度适宜性逐年代变好，拔节期～抽穗期、抽穗期～乳熟期温度适宜度线性上升明显。冬小麦返青以后，各生育期提前比较明显，起身期、拔节期、开花期、成熟期分别以0．97、0．50、0．40、0．36d／a的速度提前。全生育期天数以O．59d／a的速度减少，1988～2008年全生育期减少了20d。返青期～拔节期、抽穗期～开花期间隔日数分别以0．57、0．16d／a的速度减少。冬小麦生育期天数减少，有利于气候资源的充分利用，但也增加了生长后期的水分胁迫。

Based on the experiment data of winter wheat in Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Tianshui Gansu and meteorological data in Maiji National Base Weather Station from 1981 to 2008, the influence of temperature rising on growth development of winter wheat had been analyzed. The results showed that the annual mean temperature had been rising by 0.04℃ every year, inwhich the largest temperatures rise appeared in spring and the smallest in summer. Influenced by the arising temperature, the temperature suitability of winter wheat during its whole growth period was becpming better decade by decade, and there was an obvious linear increase of temperature suitability from the jointing to heading and heading to milky mature stage. After the reviving stage, the phenological phases of winter wheat shifted obviously earlier, the beginning growing, jointing, flower and mature advanced earlier by 0.97, 0.50, 0.40 and 0.36 day every year respectively. The days of whole growth period shorted with the speed of 0.59 day every year and whole growth period shorted by 20 days from 1988 to 2008. The interval days between reviving and jointing, heading and flower decreased by 0.57 and 0.16 day every year respectively. The shorted growth period of winter wheat was beneficial to the fully utilization of climate resources and increased the water stress at the latter stage of its growth.