温度对中国樱桃花芽萌发的影响

Effects of Temperature on Flower Bud Germination of Prunus pseudocerasus

[目的]研究温度对中国樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)花芽萌发的影响。[方法]在相同夜温条件下,通过设置6个不同的昼温度处理,研究了不同温度对中国樱桃花芽萌发过程中花器官发育的影响。[结果]温度对樱桃花芽萌发的形态和生理有显著影响。温度越高,花芽发育越快,开花越早。在35/10℃处理条件下,绝大多数花芽到达花序可见期便停止生长,不能正常开花而脱落;30/10℃处理极显著抑制了花冠、雄蕊及雌蕊的发育,花药不能正常开裂散粉。在进行温度处理前,花药已发育到小孢子母细胞阶段。昼温30℃以上处理15 d,小孢子母细胞不能进行正常减数分裂而导致雄性败育;25/10℃处理能进行减数分裂,形成四分体,但形成的花粉粒部分败育。35/10、30/10、25/10℃处理下,MDA含量均是在花序可见期后开始升高;20/10、15/10、10/10℃3个处理相对稳定,表明昼温高于25℃造成了膜脂过氧化伤害。[结论]该研究为科学制定设施栽培中花期温度管理提供了依据。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study effects of temperature on flower bud germination of Prunus pseudocerasus. [ Method ] Effects of temperature on the floral development of Prunus pseudocerasus in the process of flower bud germination were studied at different day-temperatures （ 10 - 35 ℃ ） and the same night-temperature （ 10 ℃ ）. [ Result] Temperature had significant effects on the morphology and physiology of flower buds of Prunus pseudoeerasus. The higher temperature was, the earlier flower buds developed and blossomed. Under the treatment of 35/10℃ ,most flower buds stopped developing at tight cluster stage and couldn＇t flower normally. Under the treatment of 30/10 ℃ ,development of flower, stamen and ovary was inhibited significantly, and anthers couldn＇ t dehisce normally. Anthers had entered in the microsporoeyte stage before treating by different temperatures. Microsporocytes couldn＇t enter into normal meiosis so as to result in male sterility in 15 d after treating by the clay-temperature of above 30℃ , while those treated by 25/10 ℃ could enter into meiosis and form tetrads, but some of the formed pollen grains were abortive. Under treatments of 35/10,30/10 and 25/10 ℃, MDA contents all began to increase after tight cluster stage ,while those treated by 20/10,15/10 and 10/10 ℃ were relatively stable ,which suggested that the clay-temperature of above 25 ℃ would result in membrane lipid peroxidation damage. [ Conclusion ] The research provides evidence for making scientific florescence temperature management in protected cultivation.