水土保持措施对红壤坡地果园土壤结构和肥力的影响

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Structure and Fertility in Orchard of Red Soil Region

[目的]为了探讨果园水土保持措施的土壤保育效果,研究红壤低丘岗地柑橘(Citrus reticulate Banco)园水土保持措施对园地土壤理化性状的影响,以便在果业开发过程中,最大限度地控制水土流失,保护土壤资源。[方法]通过野外试验观测和室内分析,以果园清耕为对照,分析了不同处理小区的理化性状,并用主成分分析法对土壤肥力状况进行了综合评价。[结果]各措施改良土壤效果为:狗牙根[Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.]全园覆盖>百喜草(Paspalum natatum)全园覆盖>百喜草带状覆盖+套种黄豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]或萝卜(Raphanus sativusL.)>横坡间种(套种黄豆和萝卜)>纵坡间种(套种黄豆和萝卜)>百喜草带状覆盖>标准水平梯田+梯壁百喜草>水平梯田+清耕梯面>清耕。[结论]该研究可为南方山地果业开发中科学实施水土保持措施提供依据。

[Objective] The aim was to explorer the soil conservation benefits of water and soil conservation measures in Citrus reticulate Banco orchard of red soil region and discuss the effection of soil and water conservation measures on physico-chemical properties in order to find the best way to control soil erosion and protect soil resources in citrus orchard development.[Method] The physico-chemical properties in different treatmentplots were analyzed by field experimental observation and analysis indoor taking the clean tillage as control,and status of soil fertility was evaluated by the method of principal component analysis.[Result] The results indicated that the effects of different modified measures to soil in Citrus reticulate Banco orchard was as follow： Cynodon dactylon（Linn.） Pers.totoally cover〉 Paspalum natatum totally cover 〉 Paspalum natatum strapping cover＋ interplanting Glycine max（L.） Merr.or Raphanus sativus L.〉 interplanting on cross slope 〉 interplanting on longitudinal slope 〉 Paspalum natatum strappiing cover 〉 standard horizontal terrace ＋ Cynodon dactylon（Linn.） Pers.planting on terrace 〉 horizontal terrace ＋ clean tillage on terrace 〉 clean tillage.[Conclusion] The study can provide basis for scientifically carrying out the soil and water conservation measures during fruit industry in South hilly areas.