铁路机车驾驶人员血液指标检查结果分析

Results Analysis of Routine Blood examination of Locomotive Drivers

探讨和分析铁路机车驾驶人员体检中血液指标(血常规)检查结果状况,协助企业完善各种防护措施。方法选择2010年1—3月参加职业健康检查的332名机车驾驶人员,均进行血常规检验。结果动车组乘务员有134人次血常规检测异常,异常率为8.50%(134/1576);轨道车司机有104人次血常规检测异常,异常率为9.62%(104/1080)。白细胞计数、红细胞计数等8项血常规检测指标异常发生率,动车组乘务员和轨道车司机之间差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。随着铁路机车驾驶人员年龄的增长,血常规异常率呈增加趋势。但是动车组乘务员的异常率在≤30岁、31～35岁及46～54岁组发生率较高,36～40岁及41～45岁组较低;而轨道车司机46～54岁、41～45岁组发生率较高,≤30岁、31～35岁及36～40岁组较低。不同年龄组乘务员和轨道车司机血常规异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.496,P<0.05);动车组乘务员在≤10a和11～15a组血常规异常率较高,其他3组较低;轨道车司机随着工龄的增长,血常规异常率呈增加趋势。结论血常规检查可简便、快速、有效地筛查出血液异常情况,铁路卫生主管部门应对驾驶人员开展血常规检查,为预防疾病和及时临床治疗提供参加资料。

[Objective]To discuss and analyze the results of routine blood examination of the locomotive drivers,and help the enterprise perfect the protective measures.[Methods]A total of 332 railcar engineer s who attended the occupational health examination form January to March 2010 were selected and examined for blood index.[Results]The results showed that 134 person-time of CRH drivers＇results of routine blood examination were abnormal,the abnormal rate was 8.50%（134 /1576） ;104 person-time of railcar drivers＇results of routine blood examination were abnormal,the abnormal rate was 9.62%（104 /1080）.The abnormal rates of leucocyte count,red-cell count and other 6 indexes of routine blood examination between CRH drivers and railcar drivers were not significantly different（P 0.05）.With the increasing of drivers＇ age,the abnormal rate of routine blood examination increased,the abnormal rate was relatively high in ≤30 years,31 ～ 35 years and 46 ～ 54 years age groups,and was relatively low in 36 ～ 40 years and 41 ～ 45 years groups of CRH driver;while that was relatively high in 46 ～ 54 years,41 ～ 45 years groups,and was relatively low in ≤30 years,31 ～ 35 years and 36 ～ 40 years of railcar driver.The abnormal rate of routine blood examination was significantly different between age groups of CRH and railcar drivers（χ2 = 11.496,P 0.05） ;that was relatively high in CRH drivers with service length of ≤10 years and 11 ～ 15 years,and relatively low in other 3 groups;the abnormal rate of railcar drivers increased with the extending of service length.[Conclusion]The routine blood examination can screen abnormal blood samples simply,promptly and effectively.The railway department in charge of health should carry out routine blood examination of the locomotive drivers,and provide information for prevention and in-time clinic treatment.