内蒙古红花尔基地区樟子松林火烧后鸟类群落结构变化

Change of Bird Community Structure of Burned Mongolian Pine Forests in Honghuaerji of Inner Mongolia

2001—2005年5—6月(除2003年),在内蒙古红花尔基地区的巴日图林场,应用样方法对樟子松(Pinussylvestris var.mongolica)火烧迹地生境的鸟类群落结构进行了研究,目的在于揭示樟子松林被大火烧后鸟类群落结构年间的动态变化。结果表明:在樟子松林火烧后的第5、6、8、9年共观察到鸟类的种数为17种,雀形目的鸟类最多,12种,占70.59%。树鹨(Anthus hodgsoni)是樟子松林火烧迹地生境的鸟类优势种。每一年鸟类群落组成有差异,但差异不显著(F=0.205,P>0.05)。火烧后,随着时间的推移,草原类型的鸟类——云雀(Alauda arvensis)出现于樟子松火烧迹地,但云雀、金翅雀(Carduelis sinica)在火烧生境中的密度减少,云雀减少最为明显(r=-0.978,P<0.05)。在樟子松林被火烧后,鸟类多样性指数和鸟类密度随着时间的推移逐渐增加。鸟类多样性指数年间变化正相关(r=0.922,P=0.078>0.05),鸟类密度年间变化也是正相关(r=0.941,P=0.059)。

A study was conducted to survey the bird community structure of burned Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest in Baritu Forest Farm of Honghuaerji,Inner Mongolia from May to June during the years 2001 and 2005 （except 2003） by sample plot method,aiming to reveal the dynamic change of bird community structure of burned Mongolian pine forest. A total of 17 species of birds were found in the burned forest in the fifth,sixth,eighth,and ninth years after the fire. Bird species of the order of Passeriformes are the most,accounting for 70.59% of the total. Anthus hodgsoni is a dominant bird species in the burned forest areas. Bird community compositions for different years are various,but the difference is unremarkable （P0.05）. Alauda arvensis,a species of grassland bird,was found in the burned area. The densities of A. arvensis and Carduelis sinica in the burned area decreased with time,and the density of A. arvensis reduced remarkably（P0.05）. The bird diversity and bird density gradually increased with time prolonging after the fire. Positive correlations were observed in both bird species diversity and bird density between different years.