史念海先生与关中水环境的研究

Shi Nian-hai and his Study of Water Environment in Guanzhong Area

回顾史念海研究关中地区水环境的缘起,总结史念海研究关中水环境的主要成就,阐释史先生关中地区水环境研究的价值。史先生经世致用的学术指导思想形成于抗战初年,贯穿于黄土高原历史地理研究和关中地区水环境研究之中。史先生全面地复原和分析了关中地区的水环境,尤其对西汉时期起所谓"八水绕长安"的水环境,进行认真仔细的考察。而且对关中有关人工渠道进行了复原,从而使我们对西安附近的河流和重要的渠道,有一个比较清晰的认识。史先生认为西安地区诸河流量的变迁与该地区植被的存废密切相关,而地震、旱?对河流流量的变迁影响不大。通过对泾渭清浊历史变迁的考察,史先生认为泾渭清浊变迁与当地植被的存毁与水土流失有着密切的关系。史先生提出了改善西安水环境的具体措施,就是要多植树造林。

This paper reviews the cause of Mr.Shi Nian-hai＇s study of water environment in Guanzhong area,concludes his main achievements and interprets his value of study.Mr.Shi＇s academic guiding theory of ＂putting what was learned into practice＂ took shape in the early years of the Anti-Japanese War,ran through the study of history and geography in the loess plateau and that of water environment in Guanzhong area.Mr.Shi restored and analyzed the water environment in Guanzhong area,and particularly made a careful research into the water environment of so-called ＂eight rivers flowing around Chang＇an＂.His restoration of the artificial channels in Guanzhong area gives us a better understanding of the rivers and channels nearby Xi＇an.He believed that changes in the flow capacity were closely related with their reservation and revocation of vegetation in Xi＇an,slightly affected by earthquake and drought.Mr.Shi,through his research into the changes in clearness and muddiness of Jinghe River and Weihe River,proposed that the changes were closely related with the reservation and revocation of the local vegetation and water loss and soil erosion.Mr.Shi suggested that more trees should be planted to improve the water environment in Xi＇an.