《庄子》与浪漫型文学新论

Discussion of Zhuang Zi and Romantic Literature

关于《庄子》的浪漫文学,前人多冠以"消极"二字,笔者摒弃"消极",申论浪漫。《庄子》浪漫文学的精神实质,是超越现实,追求理想;在艺术上具有宏阔奇妙、超凡入化的艺术境界,虚幻荒诞、光怪陆离的文学形象,奇特大胆、精彩绝伦的夸张手法,笔端含情、深挚浓厚的抒情色彩等特征,因而成为我国浪漫文学名副其实的最早"范本",并且成为我国浪漫文学的开源、奠基之作,是中国浪漫文学创作之祖。《庄子》在浪漫文学方面有如此高卓的成就和贡献,首先取决于作者的浪漫精神和超人的想象力、表现力;其次,又是特定的时代条件和社会现实促成的;再次,也得力他对神话传说的利用、改造和对神话思维的继承、运用。《庄子》作为中国浪漫文学创作之祖,不仅在创作宗旨、思维方式、表现手法、基本特征诸方面形成其独具特色的质的规定性,而且对后世浪漫文学的发展产生了巨大而深远的影响。

With regard to Zhuang Zi,People of former times would,more often than not,like to consider it as ＂passive＂romantic literature.This paper discards the idea of passivity and expounds its romance.It is believed that the spiritual essence of Zhuang Zi,this romance literature lies in its transcendence of reality and pursuit for ideals,that its artistic feature is gorgeous and picturesque,that its literary image is imaginary and grotesque,that its exaggeration is peculiar and marvelous,and that its lyrical color is tender and affectionate.As a matter of fact,it is true to its name that Zhuang Zi has become one of the earliest models in the Chinese romance literature.All these remarkable achievement and contribution come mainly from its writer＇s romantic spirit,unique imagination and expressiveness,also from the given period of time and the social reality,and from the writer＇s adaptation,recreation,inheritance and application of legends and myths.As the founder of Chinese literature,Zhuang Zi not only has developed its own peculiar features in its writing objective,its thinking mode,technique of expression and basic characteristic,but also has imposed great and far-reaching effect on the development of future romance literature.