菇渣基质对侧柏和黑松播种出苗与幼苗生长的效应

Effects of Mushroom Residue on Emergence and Growth of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis Seedlings

为探讨菇渣在无纺布容器成型机中作为林木育苗基质应用的可行性,以常用基质草炭为对照,研究了无纺布育苗成型机制的菇渣容器基质的理化性质,及其对侧柏和黑松播种出苗与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:虽然以菇渣为主的复合容器基质的电导率(>0.283s·m-1)和pH值偏高(>7.06),阳离子交换量较小(<22.8cmol·kg-1),但其基本理化性质适宜作为育苗成型机容器基质使用。同常用基质草炭相比,菇渣复合基质对侧柏(Platy-cladus orientalis)和黑松(Pinus thunbergii)播种出苗率没有影响,但出苗时间晚3～6d,菇渣和草炭混合处理出苗时间早于菇渣,但晚于草炭;不同处理基质的侧柏成苗率差别不显著,但菇渣处理黑松的成苗率显著要低。草炭为主处理的侧柏和黑松的苗高、地径和干质量均高于菇渣,但同两者混合处理差别不显著。不同基质侧柏和黑松的壮苗指数基本一致。因此,在无纺布育苗成型技术中,菇渣基质的育苗效果虽然不如草炭,但可以有选择性的作为林木育苗基质使用。

To study the feasibility application of mushroom residue as substrates to cultivate seedlings in non-woven fabrics container shaping machine （ CSM） ,the physical and chemical properties and the effects of different substrates produced by CSM on the growth of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis were discussed. Result showed that pH and electrical conductivity （ EC） values of mixed mushroom residue were 7. 06 and 0. 283 S·m^-1 higher than that of peat,respectively. However,cation exchange capacity was 22. 8 cmol·kg^-1 lower than that of peat. The mushroom residue was suitable to be used as substrate in CSM due to its basic characteristics. In comparison with peat,mushroom residue had no effect on the emergence rate of P. thunbergii and P. orientalis,but prolonged the emergence time about 3 ～ 6 days. Mixture of peat and mushroom residue could shorten the emergence time of seedlings compared with mush residual. There was an insignificant difference in survival rates of P. orientalis between different culture substrates,but the survival rate of P. thunbergii cultivated with mushroom residual was obviously lower. The seedling height,caudex diameter,and dry biomass of P. thunbergii and P. orientalis cultivated with the substrate mainly consisting of peat were all higher than those cultivated with mushroom residue; however,there were unobvious differences in these indexes compared with the mixture of peat and mushroom residue. Seedling vigor indexes of P. thunbergii and P. orientalis for different culture substrates were basically consistent. In general,the cultivation effect of mushroom residue is inferior to that of peat,but it can be used as cultivation substrate in CSM by mixing with peat.