损益相抵规则的适用范围及其援用

The Application Scope and Invocation of Vorteilsausgleichung rule

损益相抵规则虽在我国立法中尚无明文规定,但在司法实践中已经普遍适用该规则裁判案件。损益相抵规则在适用过程中的难点在于损益相抵规则的适用范围,即因同一赔偿原因而产生的可予扣减利益的识别,以及审判实践中如何援用和指引该规则解决纠纷问题。可予扣减的利益包括积极利益和消极利益,对于强迫得利情形的处理原则为只有在受害人主观上愿意或客观上将利用这种增值时方予以适当抵扣。具体案件审理中,法官不得依职权主动援引该规则裁判案件,但应当行使阐明权,对当事人的证明责任的分配和举证责任的转移等予以指引。

There is no express provision in our legislation about vorteilsausgleichung rule,however,this rule has been widely applied in judicial practice.The difficulty in the application process focuses on the application scope that is the identification of benefits which can deduced and how to cite this rule to direct the judges to settle the disputes.Benefits which can deduced shall include positive ones and passive ones.As to the compulsory benefits,only if the victims are willing to or objectively make use of it,they can be deduced.In the specific cases,the judges can not actively invoke vorteilsausgleichung rule.But they ought to exersise the interpretation right to direct the allocation of proof liability and transfer of onus of proof.