基于运营效能的城市轨道交通票价确定方法

Calculation Method for Reasonable Fare Based on Operating Efficiency

围绕城市轨道交通合理票价确定问题,在全面分析票价变动对城市轨道交通既有线路客流量、票价收入、运输成本、外部效益等影响的基础上,建立了基于运营效能的城市轨道交通既有线路的合理票价计算模型,并以上海轨道交通5号线为例进行了实证研究.研究表明,票价提高虽然能够增加城市轨道交通的票价收入,但是单位乘客的运输成本和运营成本均随票价的逐步提高而逐渐增加,同时运营效能将逐渐降低;反之,票价降低虽然减少了票价收入,但是单位乘客的运输成本和运营成本均随票价的逐步降低而逐渐下降,同时运营效能逐步提升.为此,建议以城市轨道交通运营效能最大化作为确定城市轨道交通合理票价的基本依据.

An analysis is made of the fare-related factors of existing lines of URT,including passenger traffic volume,ticket revenue,transportation cost and exterior benefit to make the fare of urban rail transit（URT） more reasonable.A calculation method of reasonable fare is proposed based on the idea to maximize the operating efficiency.Taking the passenger traffic and fares data of Shanghai Metro Line 5 as the case data,the method is applied to finding the reasonable fare of Line 5.The empirical study results show that although high price can increase the ticket revenue of URT,the cost per passenger and the operation cost gradually increase along the ticket price;although lower price results in the ticket revenue reduction,the unit passenger＇s transportation cost and the operation cost decrease gradually and the operation efficiency increases simultaneously.Therefore,it＇s proposed that mazimizing operation efficiency of URT should be set as the basis of a reasonable fare.