上海市外来人口麻疹流行病学分析和免疫预防措施

Analysis of the Epidemiological Characteristics Due to Measles and the Immune Preventive Measures in Floating Population in Shanghai

外来人口麻疹发病已成为上海市消除麻疹工作的一个问题．本文分析外来人口麻疹的流行病学特征，发病季节高峰为3-5月，发病年龄以8月龄～9岁为多，有45％～68％的病例无免疫史，全市麻疹暴发点均为外来人口中的儿童、学生和民工．对外来人口采取常规的、应急的和春节前强化免疫接种措施的落实，已使1998年的发病减少49．13％．

This paper analyzed the survey of measles cases in Shanghai. The epidemiological characteristics of measles in floating population was summarized as follows: the seasonal peak appeared from March to May; the highest incidence was of 8 months to 9 years old age groups, and 45% to 68% cases in these age groups had not been vaccinated; the measles cases of floating population came from rural areas of different provinces and most of them are living and moving around the edges between districts and counties. In recent years, all the outbreaks of measles consisted of children, students or laborers in floating population. During 1997- 1998,efforts for controlling measles have been carried out in different ways, such as two doses routine measles vaccination , measles campaigns in the high risk areas and emergent vaccination in the outbreak units . In 1998, the measles cases found in January to June (72 cases) had reduced 54% when compared with the cases occurred in the same period in 1997 (157 cases).