对唐宋古文家的双重批评标准——从韩柳欧苏的妓妾声色谈起

The Double Standards for Tang-Song Dynasty Prosers's Assessments

食色性也,韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏轼等古文家也不例外。不过,同一个玩妓置妾、追求声色之欢的事实,历来批评家却对韩、欧严,对柳、苏宽。而往深一层看,这种宽严不均的批评现象其实还代表着对古文家评价的双重标准:在儒道之"正"的标准下,韩欧的妓妾声色有可能成为人品方面的玷污,他们作为古文运动领袖须要人品与文品的合一,而在文章之"妙"的标准下,柳宗元、苏轼的妓妾声色经历不遭诟病,甚至还成为"文采风流"的一个必要组成部分。这种对古文家评价的双重标准,最终还与古文家本人不同的自我期许大有关系。

Food and sex are natural requirements for all human beings,so is the case for Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi,and other ancient poets.While most critics are harsh with Han and Ouyang,they seem quite merciful for Liu and Su.Moreover,this unequal criticism actually uses a double standard in judging ancient poets： one is Confucian ＂upright,＂which requires ancient leading poets to refrain from indulging in sex affairs;as leaders of classical literary movement,their personal behaviors are supposed to conform with their literary styles;the other is literary delicacy,which not only buffers Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi from being blamed for their affairs,it is even considered as a necessary part of their literary style.The double standards in evaluating ancient poets are also related to their self expectations.