贵州省1990～1997年麻疹流行病学分析

An Epidemiological Analysis of Measles Epidemic Situation in 1990-1997 in Guizhou Province

对贵州省1990～1997年麻疹的流行病学及接种率与发病率的关系进行了系统分析，结果显示：90年代本省麻疹发病率仍停留在较高水平上，下降幅度较慢，每隔4～5年出现一次流行；发病地区分布广泛（91．24％），但主要流行区为山区和边远少数民族地区；发病季节高峰期延长，2-7月病例数占66．67％;发病年龄以14岁以下儿童为主（86．56％），但7岁以下儿童占多数（59．02％）．麻疹流行的原因主要是因常规免疫工作不扎实，麻疹疫苗（MV）接种率偏低，免疫空白点较多，引起易感人群的快速积累．提示我省麻疹的预防工作仍处于控制阶段，必须狠抓MV免疫接种工作，确保MV的高接种率和免疫成功率，适时开展MV强化免疫，才能使麻疹发病率快速下降，保证我省麻疹监测工作的顺利开展．

By systematically analyzing the epidemiology of measles epidemic situation and the relationship between MV immunization coverage rate and measles incidence in 1990- 1997 in Guizhou Province,it was found that the characteristics of measles epidemic in the 1990s in our province were as follows: (1) The morbidity of measles still remained on a high level and decreased slowly, the large-scale measles epidemic occurred every 4- 5 years, (2) The geographical distribution of measles cases was widespread and almost spread throughout the province, but the mountain areas and remote minority nationality areas were the main epidemic regions, (3) Seasonal peak of measles appeared in March-July, 51 .87% of the total measles was found within this period, and the cases in Feb-July occupied 66.67%, (4) Age of measles cases focused in children under 14 years of age (86.56%), but the children under 7 years constituted the majority (59.02%). The reason of measleS epidemic and outbreak attributed to a quick accumulation of susceptibles who were not routinely immunized. This pointed out that for preventing measles in our province, the attention now should concentrate on the control strategies , that are to grasp firmly the routine vaccination service, to launch MV vaccination campaign and to improve measles surveillance.