中国古代排阵使述论

A Review of Paizhenshi of Ancient China

为了探讨排阵使这一职官在中国古代的发展脉络,通过梳理历史文献的方法,研究显示:随着作战阵法的复杂化,唐代首先出现了排阵使这一职官,五代时任命较为频繁。宋代沿袭五代亦设有排阵使,但自澶渊之盟后排阵使就退出了历史舞台。排阵使为高级武官的差遣,多以任节度使的武臣出任,或由军事指挥官兼任,也有以内侍担任排阵使的情况,此时多为排阵都监,更侧重监督的职能。五代时期尚武精神浓厚,因此选择排阵使以武勇为先。宋代由于实行将从中御之策,皇帝多选用亲信出任排阵使。排阵使职能不限于排阵,往往参与军事指挥和具体的军事行动。军事统帅往往身兼排阵使,或军事统帅本身负责排阵,因此排阵使逐渐失去独立存在的理由。

Paizhenshi appeared in Tang Dynasty, and the appointments of this commissioner were more frequent during the Five Dynasties. Song Dynasty continued this institution until Chanyuan Treaty. The position of Paizhenshi was a temporary assignment held by high - ranking military officers. Sometimes the eunuch could hold this position. Due to the strong martial spirit during Five Dynasties, the appointment of Paizhenshi was mainly based on one ＇ s braveness. Since the Song Dynasty executed the strategy of Jiangcongzhongyu, the emperor mostly used his trusted aides. The military commander often concurrently acted as Paizhenshi, or military commander was directly responsible for battle arraying, all this making Paizhenshi lose the value of its existence.