黄淮海区域花生生产与品质特征的研究

Characteristics of production and quality of peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai region

为了引导和深化黄淮海区域花生生产的区域分工、高效合理利用农业资源和提升花生产品质量,基于GIS技术和数理统计方法,对黄淮海区域花生生产与品质特征进行了研究。结果表明:该区花生生产技术先进,单产水平高,出口基础好,加工业已见雏形,种植规模与产量在全国占有举足轻重的地位,是稳定我国植物油市场的重要区域;受生态条件所致,生产上应用的品种主要是普通型花生,属食用中蛋白、油用高脂肪品质类型,且油亚比值(O/L)普遍偏低,黄曲霉毒素、丁酰肼和重金属含量超标已成为花生出口的主要障碍;在空间分布上,花生蛋白质含量东高西低、南高北低、丘陵区高于平原区,脂肪含量北高南低、丘陵区高于平原区,O/L比值呈现由西向东、由北向南增加的趋势。气候与土壤肥力条件是影响花生蛋白质、脂肪含量及O/L比值高低和空间分布的主导因子。

In order to guide the regional division of peanut production in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and efficiently utilize the agricultural resources, and provide the theoretical basis for improving peanut quality, the characteristics of production and quality of peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai region were studied based on GIS technology and mathematical statistics. The results show that peanut cultivation technology is advanced in the region producing higher unit yield. Peanut export is developed and processing industry is forming. Therefore, the region occupies a decisive position in peanut production in China, as an important pillar for stabilizing vegetable oil market. Influenced by ecological conditions, the mainly planted cultivar type in the region is virginia type, whose protein content is medium for edible cultivars, and fat content is higher for oil cultivars, with relatively low oleic acid/linoleic acid （O/L） ratio. Overproof contents of aflatoxin, daminozide and heavy metals in peanut are the main obstacles of peanut export in the region. The spatial distribution of protein content characterizes higher in the east, south and hilly area, lower in the west, north, and plain area. The fat content is higher in the north and hilly area, lower in the south and plain area, while O/L ratio presents increasing tendency from west to east and from north to south. The climate and soil fertility of the region are the domination factors affecting peanut fat and protein contents, and O/L value ratio and their spatial distribution of the peanut.