茄子植株中α-茄碱释放途径研究

Release ways of α-solanine in Solanum melomgena L. plant

本文模拟了茄子在根系分泌、残体分解、雨水淋溶以及种子萌发情况下向环境中释放α-茄碱的过程,利用HPLC测定了茄子通过不同途径向周围环境释放的α-茄碱含量。结果表明,茄子可通过根系分泌、残体分解和种子萌发途径向环境中释放α-茄碱,其中残体分解和种子萌发是主要途径,根系只能主动分泌极少量的α-茄碱。茄子生长期不同,根系主动分泌α-茄碱的量不同,从茄苗现蕾到四面斗果实成熟是根系分泌α-茄碱的主要时期,门茄坐果后至对茄成熟,茄子根际土壤中α-茄碱含量增加最显著。植株不同部位残茬腐解后释放出的α-茄碱量不同,大小顺序为:叶>根>茎,随着残株分解时间的延长,土壤中α-茄碱含量显著增高。茄子种子萌发过程释放的α-茄碱含量与种子萌发密切相关,该生物碱可抑制茄子种子萌发。紫茄"辽茄7号"和"超九叶茄"通过不同途径释放的α-茄碱量显著高于绿茄"通杂2号"和"西安绿茄"。

α-solanine release ways, root exudation, remnant decomposition, rainwater elution and seed germination, in eggplants were simulated and the released content determined via HPLC. Results show the α-solanine in eggplants can be released through root exudation, remnant decomposition and seed germination. Remnant decomposition and seed germination are the main paths for releasing α-solanine. Only a small fraction of α-solanine is released through root exudation. Rainwater elution hardly enhances eggplant releasing α-solanine into the environment. α-Solanine content released through root exudation is different in different eggplant growth stages. From seedling alabastrum to maturity stage of third eggplant is the main period of α-solanine release through root exudation. α-Solanine content in soils around eggplant roots significantly increase from the first to the second fruit stage. The order of released α-solanine amount from different organs of remnant body is leafrootstem. With the time of remnant decomposition, α-solanine content in soils significantly increases. The amount of α-solanine released via seed germination is closely related to seed germination. Hence α-Solanine inhibits eggplant seed germination. The results also show that α-solanine amount released by ＂Liaoqie No. 7＂ and ＂Chaojiuyeqie＂ （purple eggplants） is higher than that released by ＂Tongza No. 2＂ and ＂Xi’anluqie＂ （green eggplant）.