绿竹笋形态性状与营养成分的产地差异分析

Shapes and nutrients of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami bamboo shoots in 12 production areas

分析了福建和浙江12个绿竹Dendroc alamopsis oldhama主要产地鲜笋形态性状(笋地径、笋高、总质量、去壳质量)和营养成分(水解氨基酸、还原糖、水溶性总糖、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、总灰分、水分)的差异,探明主要品质性状间的相关性。结果表明,受产地生长性状、栽培条件的影响,产地间鲜笋形态指标差异明显,变异系数为13.27%～36.13%,产地漳州、福安及凤岭的可食率最高,达77%～82%;产地龙岩、苍南、龙湖、同安、漳州及漳平水解氨基酸总量较高,品味鲜美;竹笋营养成分的积累也因产地不同而差异明显,粗纤维、还原糖、水溶性总糖受影响最为显著,相关分析表明竹笋含糖量较高时粗纤维质量分数较低,水溶性总糖与总灰分则呈显著负相关;有效营养成分较高者为产地福安、永泰、苍南和尤溪,平均值为85.05%,其产地栽培历史悠久,竹林经营科学合理,可为绿竹的优质栽培管理提供借鉴。

Shape indexes （diameter,height,gross weight,and net weight） and nutrient components （hydrolyzed amino acids,reducing sugars,total sugars,crude protein,crude fiber,ash,and water） of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami bamboo shoots in 12 main production areas （Fu＇an,Youxi,Yongtai,Yongchun,Zhangping,Tong＇an,Zhangzhou,and Longyan of Fujian Province as well as Fengling,Cangnan,Daidi,and Longhu of Zhejiang Province） were studied with a correlation analysis being used on shoot quality traits.Results showed significant differences （P 0.01） for shape indexes in different production areas,and the coefficient of variation （C.V.） was 13.3%-36.1%.Also,the edible rates were highest in the Zhangzhou,Fu＇an,and Fengling areas reaching 77%-82%.Total hydrolyzed amino acids were higher in the Longyan,Cangnan,Longhu,Tong＇an,Zhangzhou,and Zhangping areas,and nutrient accumulation in the bamboo shoots showed marked differences （P0.01）,especially for crude fiber,reducing sugars,and total sugars.In addition,the correlation analysis showed high sugar content with low fiber content,and total sugars was negatively correlated to total ash （r=-0.594 3,P0.051）.Higher available nutritional components （averaging of 85.05%） were found in Fu＇an,Yongtai,Cangnan,and Youxi areas.Thus,these three areas,having a long cultivation history and utilizing scientific bamboo management techniques,could provide a reference for better cultivation and management of D.oldhami.