贵金属纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管的研究

Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Noble Metal Nanoparticles

碳纳米管具有独特的一维管状结构和优异的电、光、热和力学性能,是药物和纳米催化剂的理想载体。将具有独特光、电、磁和催化性能的贵金属纳米粒子负载在碳纳米管的表面,形成的碳纳米管/贵金属纳米粒子复合物不仅兼有两种纳米材料的优异性能,还可能产生新的特性,在催化、储能、燃料电池、电子器件和传感器等领域均有广阔的应用前景。本文主要从共价修饰和非共价修饰两种策略出发,综述了贵金属纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管的制备方法和研究进展。其中用天然高分子包覆的碳纳米管表面具有很好的贵金属配位结合能力,得到的纳米复合物具有良好的水分散性和生物相容性,在载药、生物传感器和肿瘤诊断治疗等生物领域具有明显的优势。

One-dimensional carbon nanotubes（CNTs） have a unique tubular structure and excellent electrical,optical,thermal and mechanical properties.Meanwhile,zero-dimensional noble metal nanoparticles（NMNPs） also exhibit unique optical,electrical,magnetic and catalytic properties.Combined these two nano-materials together through supporting metal nanoparticles on the surface of CNTs,a new kind of nano-hybrid of metal and nonmetal are created,this nano-hybrid can not only possess their intrinsic outstanding performance,but also give birth to some extraordinary characteristics,significantly having potential applications in the fields of chemical catalysis,hydrogen storage,direct alcohol fuel cells,electronic devices and bio-sensors.In this review,the suggested methods about the decoration of NMNPs on CNTs are generally discussed,primarily including the covalent modification and non-covalent modification.In particular,the techniques about the functionalization of carbon nanotubes with the natural polymer（such as DNA,polypeptides,polysaccharides and DNA） are additionally introduced,and the functionalized polymers will not only improve the biocompatibility and the water dispersion of CNTs,but also effectively increase the loading of NMNPs on nanotubes.Therefore,the as-prepared CNTs /NMNPs nano-hybrids have obvious advantages for some biological applications such as drug delivery,bio-sensors,immobilization and separation of proteins and cancer diagnosis or treatment.