基于蜜胺/PIPA多元醇的聚氨酯软泡性能的研究

Research of properties of flexible polyurethane foam based on melamine/PIPA polyols

以自制的蜜胺/PIPA多元醇为原料制备了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,研究了蜜胺/PIPA多元醇的用量对泡沫发泡成型、力学和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:当使用蜜胺/PIPA多元醇代替普通聚醚多元醇发泡,其用量在20%～40%时,泡沫的压缩强度,65%/25%压陷比、落球回弹率和75%永久变形等性能有明显的提高;而泡沫的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度则有不同程度的下降。当蜜胺/PIPA多元醇的用量为40%时所得到的泡沫综合性能最好,且与空白泡沫相比,其阻燃性能也有极大的提高,可达到离火10s内自熄。在此基础上,添加一种磷系阻燃剂起到N-P协同阻燃作用,产物氧指数显著提高。

The flexible polyurethane foam was prepared by self-made melamine/PIPA polyols as raw materials The influences of the melamine/PIPA polyols dosage on the foaming molding,mechanical properties and flame retardance were investigated. The results showed that the compressive strength,65%/25% ILD ratio,falling ball resilience rate and 75% compressive set were significantly improved with 20%-40% melamine/PIPA polyols instead of general polyols. However,the tensile strength,elongation at break and tear strength were decreased in different degree. The comprehensive performance of the foam with 40% melamine/PIPA polyols was the best and the flame retardance was greatly improved compared with the pure foam. The foam could be self-extinguished within 10 seconds away from the fire. Moreover,the limited oxygen index of the foam coule be significantly increased by adding a phosphorus flame retardant for the N-P synergism flame resistant effect.