语义取象对词义演变的影响——以“牙、齿”为例

Influence of Semantic Extraction on the Development of Word Meanings——A Case Study of "ya" and "chi"

词的所指对象依照认知经验会在人的心目中形成一定的心理意象,我们称之为"语义取象"。通过对"牙、齿"的词义分析,我们发现:受深层认知因素的制约,两个词即使词汇意义大致相当,但它们在人们认知体系中有不同的意象和各自突显的特征,这深刻影响着词的使用和词义的发展,对词义系统的自我调控与平衡是极有利的。聚焦于词的语义取象,使我们获得了词义分析的新视角,能够为多义词的义域分布和发展趋势提供解释,也为同义词的辨析提供了新思路。

Reference of a word can form a certain psychological image,which is called semantic extraction.Through the analysis of meanings of ＂ya＂ and ＂chi＂,we have found that even two words have the same lexical meanings,their images and characteristic features are different in people＇s cognitive system.The fact has deeply influenced the development of word meanings.And It is helpful to self regulation and balance of the meanings system.Focusing on semantic extraction of word can help us to catch a new angle of view to explain the meanings distribution and developmental tendency of polysemes and discriminate synonym with new ideas.