陕西省啮齿动物区系与区划

ON THE FAUNA AND THE ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONIZATION OF GLIRES (INCLUDING RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHS) IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

陕西省地处我国的中部偏东,气侯和植被兼具亚热带和暖温带特点,在动物地理上横跨古北与东洋两大界,啮齿动物种类比较丰富。计有53种另附9亚种,分隶于2目8科6亚科,几乎占全国啮齿动物总种数的三分之一。大足鼠为陕西省首次记录。文中就区系特征作了分析。根据自然地理要素和动物区系的差别,陕西省可划为六个三级地理省。

During 1959 to 1988, a number of specimens on glires were collected in Shaanxi province, and identified as 53 species, belonging to 2 orders, 8 families, 6 subfamilies and 31 genera. Among them, Rattus nitidus is a new record to Shaanxi province. The small mammals consisting in Cricetidae, Muridae and Sciuridae are found to be abundant. The mammalian fauna of glires in Shaanxi is rather complex. Palaearctic ma-mmals are considered as 29 species, occupying 55% of the total number of the species. Elements of the Oriental realm occupy 36% including 19 species, such as Callosciurus erythraeus, Dremomys pernyl, Rhizcmys sinensis and Rattus fulvescens, etc. are the representatives. While the remaining 9 % are of widely distributed species. Besides, the musk rat (Ondatra zibethica) is an introduced species in Shaanxi since 1958. With respect to the dividing of the zoogeographical regions of glires, it may be divided into SixⅢ-order provinces, each province is characterized by representatives of glires as follows: 1. Southern border province of Ordos plateau (SOP). The landscape here is of de-sert-steppe. There are 18 species of glires, of which Meriones meridianus, M.unguicul-atus, phodopus roborovskii, and Spermophilus are found to be dominant or common for-ms. The fauna of this province presents primarily characteristics of Palaearctic forms, with exception of only one Oriental species, Rattus niviventer. 2. Loess plateau province (1pp). The vegetation here is mostly foreststeppe, 19 species of glires are found to occur in this region.About 63% of its faunal components are mainly Palatarctic. In the farmland, the dominant forms are the Myospalax cansus, Spermophilus dauricus and Cricetulus longicaudatus etc.. 3. Guanzhong plain province (GPP). It lies south to Qinling. The fauna here is similar to that of the LPP, but with more species which live in the cropland. On the other hand, the Cricetulus triton and Apodemus agrarius are found in great numbers. 4. Qinling mountain province (TMP).The vegetation here consists of the montane subtropical forests on the Southern slopes as well as temperate forests on the Northern slopes. Altogether 37 species of glires have been found to occur in this province. The faunal components of the Qinling are Oriental and Palaearctic, occupying 46% and 43% of the tota number of glires respectively.The remaining 11% are of widely spread spe-cies. There are 4 species which are dominant forms, i.e., Myospalax cansus rufescens, Rattus niviventer, Apodemus agrarius and A. peninsulae. 5. Hanzhong-Ankang basin province (HAP). Based on our material, the mammalian fauna of glires only consists of 8 species. Among them the Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus are found to be dominant or common forms, while the former two species are considered as harmful to agriculture in this region. 6. Ta-Pashan province (TSP). This region is well-known by its Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and subtropical mammals. About 63% of the fauna belongs to the Oriental realm and only 22% to the Palaeaictic realm, according to the investigation. Of the Oriental species, there are Tamiops swinhoei, petaurista claarkei, p. alborufus, Rhizomys sinensis, Rattus rattoides, R. fulvescens, R.coxingi and others. Based on the faunal compositions of the different provinces as given above, the au-thor is of the opinion that the 1st.-3rd. provinces belong to the Palaearctic realm, the 4th-6th. provinces to the Oriental realm.