美俄新型登月航天服技术研究进展

Advances in the American/Russian Lunar Extravehicular Space Suit

载人登月,对航天员穿着的航天服提出了多样化的使用环境要求,特别是出舱活动(EVA)期间的需求。通过航天服的研发,美国对登月航天服压力服、液冷服、生命保障系统和通信电子系统等进行了重点研究,制定了相关指标体系,并进行了权重因数评估,建立了地面模拟试验设备,并通过激光扫描和计算机建模等手段,有力地促进了新型登月航天服的研制。俄罗斯也基于"海鹰"-M航天服,提出了行星压力服设计概念,还特别研究了提供下躯干活动性的相关部件技术。最后,提出了对我国自主研制新型登月航天服的有关建议。

Lunar manned spaceflight presents a variety of operational environments in which astronauts will need to wear a space suit, especially during Extravehicular Activity （EVA）. In the development of the advanced space suits, NASA experts are focusing their research on Lunar pressure suits, liquid cooling suits, portable life support subsystems, communications avionics and information subsystems, etc. During this, NASA and relative organization have established appropriate trade variables with associated weighting factors for analyzing the proposed architecture options. They have built simulation facilities and used laser scanning technology and 3D computer model. Based on Orlan-M space suit, Russian proposed Planetary Space Suit （laSS） enclosure design concepts, especially for elements providing mobility of the lower torso assembly. Finally, proposals about developing lunar space suit of China are provided.